Publications

Books

Simeon, James C. and Tuitt, Patricia and Kienast, Julia and Kőhalmi, Barbara and Nagy-Nádasdi, Anita Rozália and March, Selina (2019) Terrorism and Asylum (RLI Working Paper Series Mini-volume).

Case Studies in Public Management and Administration, Second Edition, Toronto: Captus Press Inc., forthcoming.

The Criminalization of Migration: Context and Consequences, co-edited with Idil Atak, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2018.

The UNHCR and the Supervision of International Refugee Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Critical Issues in International Refugee Law: Strategies Towards Interpretative Harmony, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Case Studies in Public Management and Administration Instructor’s Manual. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 2010. [This online Instructor's Manual is available to all instructors who adopt the Case Studies in Public Management and Administration text for their courses.]

Case Studies in Public Management and Administration. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 2009.

Case Studies in Public Management and Administration. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 2008. (Test Edition)

Editor, Forced Migration and the Advancement of International Protection. 7th World Conference, November 6-9, 2006, International Association of Refugee Law Judges,

Haarlem, The Netherlands, 2008. Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Third Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1998. (eds.) Randy Hoffman, Diane Jurkowski, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon.

Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Second Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1993. (eds.) Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon.

Book Chapters

“Ethics and the exclusion of those who are “not deserving” of Convention Refugee Status,” Contemporary Issues in Refugee Law, Edited by Satvinder Singh Juss and Colin Harvey, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2013., pp. 258-288.

“Strengthening International Refugee Rights Through the Enhanced Supervision of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol,” The Ashgate Research Companion to Migration Law, Theory and Policy, Edited by Satvinder S. Juss, Farnham, Surrey, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2013, pp. 103-128.

“IARLJ Working Parties,” Where to Now? Charting the Future Course of International Protection. 8th IARLJ World Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, 28th – 30th January 2009, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, MultiCopy Haarlem, 2011., pp. 371-376.

“Introduction: the research workshop on critical issues in international refugee law and strategies towards interpretative harmony,” in Critical Issues in International Refugee Law: Strategies Towards Interpretative Harmony, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010., pp. 1-39.

“From Atkinson College and Beyond,” in Brenda Spotton Visano, Kristin Taylor (eds.) Room to Grow: Celebrating Atkinson’s Living Legacy. Toronto: York University, 2009., pp. 63-66.

“Introduction” in Case Studies in Public Management and Administration. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 2009., pp. 1-16.

"Foreward” and “IARLJ Inter-Conference Working Party Process, Coordinator’s Report,” in Forced Migration and the Advancement of International Protection. 7th World Conference, November 6-9, 2006, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, MultiCopy Haarlem, 2008, pp. 170-173.

"Barry Wilson," Case 8; "The Reorganization," Case 50; "Robert Bart," Case 53, in Randy Hoffman, Fred Ruemper (eds.) Organizational Behaviour: Canadian Cases and Exercises. 6th Edition, Captus Press, Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007.

“IARLJ Inter-Conference Working Party Process, Coordinator’s Report,” in The Asylum Process and the Rule of Law, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, The Netherlands, 6th IARLJ World Conference in Stockholm, Sweden, Manak Publications Ltd., 2006.

“Human Rights Nexus Working Party Background Paper for the Wellington Conference on Subsidiary/Complementary Protection,” in Stemming the Tide or Keeping the Balance – The Role of the Judiciary, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, IARLJ Conference 2002, New Zealand, 5th Conference, October 2002, New Zealand Association for Comparative Law and the Revue Juridique Polynesienne in association with the New Zealand Centre for Public Law of the Victoria University of Wellington, 2003.

“The Application of Human Rights Standards to the 1951 Refugee Convention – The Definition of Persecution,” Report from the seminar “International Protection within One Single Asylum Procedure,” 23-24 April, 2001, Norrkoping, Sweden, Migrationsverket, 2001-06-15, Swedish Migration Board.

"Human Rights Nexus Working Party: Rapporteur's Report," in The Changing Nature of Persecution, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, 4th Conference, October 2000, Berne, Switzerland, Institute of Public Law, University of Bern, Switzerland, 2001.

“Organizational and Administrative Renewal at the Immigration and Refugee Board,” in Randy Hoffman, Diane Jurkowski, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Third Edition, North York: Captus Press, Inc., 1998.., pp. 285-299.

“Introduction,” in Randy Hoffman, Diane Jurkowski, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Third Edition, North York: Captus Press, Inc., 1998., pp. 1-7.

“Introduction to the Structure of the Canadian Government,” and “Canadian Public Administration and Government,” in Randy Hoffman, Diane Jurkowski, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Third Edition, North York: Captus Press, Inc., 1998., pp. 10-43.

“Introduction to the Constitutional Framework,” in Randy Hoffman, Diane Jurkowski, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, and James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, Third Edition, North York: Captus Press, Inc., 1998., p. 138.

"Business and Government Relations" (revised) in John Pliniussen & Linda Wilson (eds.) Introduction to Canadian Business and Management. Second Edition, Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1997.

"Introduction" & "Canadian Public Administration and Government," in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, 2nd Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1993.

"Neo-Conservative Administrative Reform in Great Britain, United States and Canada," in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, James C. Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, 2nd Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1993.

"Cutting Defence Department Personnel;" "The Gender Biased Decision;" "Premier Rae's Budget Consultation;" "Scrapping Family Allowance;" "The Unregistered Lobbyist?" "The Al-Mashat Affair," Case Studies in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, James Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, 2nd Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1993.

"Restructuring the Ontario Government: The Case of the COGP Reforms;" "Cutting Defence Department Personnel;" "The Gender Biased Decision;" "Premier Rae's Budget Consultation;" "Scrapping Family Allowance;" "The Unregistered Lobbyist?" "The Al-Mashat Affair" in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson, James Simeon (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials, 2nd Edition, North York: Captus Press Inc., 1993., pp. 436-450.

"Business and Government Relations" in John Pliniussen (ed.) Introduction to Canadian Business and Management. Toronto: Captus Press Inc. and McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1993., pp. 31-63.

"The British and Canadian Cabinet Systems: Cabinet Decision-Making Under Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Brian Mulroney" in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 1991.

"Restructuring the Ontario Government: The Case of the COGP Reforms;" "Controlling Resource Allocation Within the Ontario Government," Case Studies in Randy Hoffman, Victor MacKinnon, Janice Nicholson (eds.) Public Administration: Canadian Materials. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 1991.

"ACME Corporation," Case 1; "Barry Wilson," Case 7; "The Reorganization," Case 27; "Robert Bart," Case 29, in Randy Hoffman, Fred Ruemper (eds.) Organizational Behaviour: Canadian Cases and Exercises. Toronto: Captus Press Inc., 1991., pp. 9-10, 30-31, 148-149, 154-155.

"Business and Government in Canada" in Laura Allan (ed.) Instructor's Manual to Accompany Introduction to Canadian Business. Toronto: Captus Press Inc. and McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1991.

“Business and Government Relations” in Laura A. Allan (ed.) Introduction to Canadian Business: Supplement. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, Captus Press Inc., 1990., pp. BG1-BG31.

"Policy-Making in Cabinet," in Donald C. MacDonald (ed.) Government & Politics in Ontario. 2nd Edition, Toronto: Van Nostrand Reinhold Ltd., 1980., pp. 102-122.

Journal Articles

“The 60th Anniversary of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees,” Refugee Update, Issue 71, (Summer 2011), pp. 3-5.

"Thoughts on the Canadian and American Political Systems," Canadian Parliamentary Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, Summer, 1988, pp. 15-17.

Conference Proceedings

2011 Critical Issues in International Refugee Law Research Workshop, April 26-27, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Chair, Rights Panel – Safe Third Country Agreement Panel Session, Inaugural Conference of the Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS), York University, June 15-18, 2008.

Research Workshop on Critical Issues in International Refugee Law, May 1-2, 2008, at York University.

Project Management Training Program for Mongolian Civil Servants,” Atkinson Faculty of Liberal and Professional Studies, York University, May 20-30, 2008. Project Director, Professor Saeed Rahnema, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy and Administration. I served as the instructor for “Program Evaluation” Session held on Friday, May 23rd.

Conference Papers

“Interrogating the Phenomenon of Forced Migration: From Extreme Violence to Detention, Especially of Children, to Integration and Agency,” Chairperson of the panel session in which I also presented the paper listed immediately below. IASFM, 2016 Biennial International Conference: Rethinking Forced Migration and Displacement: Theory, Policy and Praxis, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, July 12-15, 2016.

Round Table: Recent Jurisprudential Trends in Article 1F(a) and (b) in Canada following the Supreme Court of Canada’s Judgements in Ezokola and Febles. Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS), 9th Annual Conference, Menno Simon College, Canadian Mennonite University, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Friday, May 13, 2016.

“Excluding Refugee and Asylum Applicants Under the UNHCR’s Statute or Mandate,” Paper presented at the “Undesirable and Unreturnable? Policy Challenges Around Excluded Asylum Seekers and other Migrants Suspected of Serious Criminality Who Cannot be Removed” Preliminary Workshop, 27 March 2015, Centre for International Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PDF.

“Canada’s Refugee Determination System: Coherence and Incoherence,” at the CARFMS14 Annual Conference held at the University of Montreal on Friday, May 9th, 3:00 PM to 4:30 PM. My paper was titled, “Canadian Judicial Perceptions of the Application and Interpretation of International Instruments in the Exclusion of Refugee Claimants under Article 1F(a) of the Refugee Convention.”

“Roundtable Session: The Supreme Court of Canada’s Recent Judgements on Article 1F and the Exclusion of Those Who are barred from Refugee Protection,” at the CARFMS14 Annual Conference held at the University of Montreal on Thursday, May 8th, 10:30 am to 12:00 pm. My paper focussed on a number of Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada judgements since the Supreme Court of Canada’s judgements in Pushpanathan and Ezokola.

“Applying International Criminal Law to Refugee Law,” 2013 Canadian Association for Refugee and Session Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS) Annual Conference, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Saturday, March 9, 2013. This paper was presented at the panel session titled, International Refugee Law: Challenges and Perspectives, that was chaired by Marie-Jose Yax Fraser, York University, Toronto, Canada.

“Case Studies as Instructional and Research Tools for Public Management,” First Annual Canadian Association for Programmes in Public Administration (CAPPA) Conference, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, May 28th-29th, 2012.

“Using Public International Law to Decide Who Ought to be Excluded from Convention Refugee Status in Canada,” Canadian Association for Refugees and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS) Annual Conference, “Restructuring Refuge and Settlement: Responding to the Global Dynamics of Displacement,” May 16th – 17th, 2012, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PDF.

“Article 1F: From Application and Interpretation to Policy and Practice,” Article 1F Policy and Practice Conference, Wednesday, May 16th, 2012, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This paper was delivered at our Article 1F Policy and Practice Conference that was Chaired by the Hon. Justice James O’Reilly, Federal Court (Canada). Please see the Article 1F Conference website at http://www.yorku.ca/artonef/.

“The Supervision of International Refugee Law” presented at the Refugee Law Initiative’s Second International Refugee Law Seminar Series on February 21st, 2012, Council Chambers, 17 Russell Square, School of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London, London, UK.

"The Essence of Refugee Status Determination," Canadian Association for Refugees and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS), Annual Conference, “Forced Migration: Human Rights Challenges,” Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 12-13, 2011

“Coordinator’s Report of the Activities of the IARLJ Working Parties since the last IARLJ World Conference held in Cape Town, South Africa, January 28th – 30th, 2009,” 9th International Association of Refugee Law Judges World Conference, Bled, Slovenia, September 7th – 9th, 2011.

“Some Issues and Concerns Regarding the Application and Interpretation of Article 1F (a) of the 1951 Convention in Canada” War Crimes and Refugee Status Conference, Centre for Refugee Studies, York University, 280N York Lanes, Tuesday, August 16th, 2011.

“The Refugee Status and Determination Process in Canada: An Insider’s Perspective on the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,” Refugee Studies Centre, Informal Seminar Series, Hilary Term 2010, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, February 9, 2010.

“Proposals and Prospects for Enhancing the UNHCR’s Supervisory Role over the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol,” Refugee Studies Centre, Informal Seminar Series, Hilary Term 2010, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, March 9, 2010.

“Excluding Those Who are Undeserving of Convention Refugee Status: The Application and Interpretation of Article IF(a) in Canada,” Presented at the Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS), CARFMSI0 -- Forced Migration: Challenges and Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, May 6th to May 8th, 2010.

“The War Crimes and Refugee Status Research Project: Background, Challenges, and Progress,” War Crimes and Refugee Status Research Workshop, York University, May 17, 2010. I was also the principal organizer for this international Research Workshop. For further details on the War Crimes and Refugee Status Research Workshop see our website at http://www.yorku.ca/wcrs/.

Principal Investigator and organizer of the “Forced Displacement, Protection Standards and the Supervision of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol and Other International Instruments,” international conference held at York University, May 17th to 20th, 2010. See the international conference website for details on the programme, participants, and sponsors at http://www.yorku.ca/fdpss/.

“IARLJ Inter-Conference Working Party Process Coordinator’s Report” 8th IARLJ World Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, January 28th-30th, 2009.

“A Comparative Analysis of the Response of the UNHCR and States to Rapidly Fluctuating Asylum Applications: Lessons and Best Practices for RSD Design and Administration,” 12th International Conference of the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM), University of Nicosia, Cyprus, June 28th to July 2nd, 2009.

“Charting the Future Course of International Refugee Protection: A Review of the 8th International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ) World Conference,” Centre for Refugee Studies, Seminar Series and McLaughlin College Luncheon Talks, Co-sponsored Event, Wednesday, February 11, 2009, McLaughlin Senior Common Room, 140 McLaughlin College, York University.

“War Crimes and Refugee Status Adjudication: The Research and Methodological Challenges of Conducting a Five Country Comparative Analysis,” Refugee Studies Centre, Informal Seminar Series, Michaelmas Term 2009, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, November 24, 2009.

“Exclusion Under Article 1F(a) of the 1951 Convention in Canada,” Inaugural Conference of the Canadian Association for Refugee and Forced Migration Studies (CARFMS), York University, June 15-18, 2008.

“IARLJ Inter-Conference Working Party Process, Coordinator’s Report,” Forced Migration and the Advancement of International Protection, 7th World Conference, November 6-9, 2006, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, Haarlem, The Netherlands, 2008.

“IARLJ Inter-Conference Working Party Process, Coordinator’s Report,” in The Asylum Process and the Rule of Law, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, The Netherlands, 6th IARLJ World Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, April 21 – 23, 2005.

“Americas Chapter of the IARLJ, Report to the General Meeting of the IARLJ World Conference,” in The Asylum Process and the Rule of Law, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, The Netherlands, 6th IARLJ World Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, April 21 – 23, 2005.

“Human Rights Nexus Working Party Background Paper for the Wellington Conference on Subsidiary/Complementary Protection,” International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ), 5th World Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, October 2002.

"Human Rights Nexus Working Party: Rapporteur's Report," in The Changing Nature of Persecution, International Association of Refugee Law Judges, 4th Conference, October 2000, Berne, Switzerland, Institute of Public Law, University of Bern, Switzerland, 2001.

"The Application of Human Rights Standards to the 1951 Convention – The Definition of Persecution," A paper prepared for delivery at the European Commission Experts Meetings, Norrkoping, Sweden, on April 24, 2001, by Geoffrey Care, President, International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ), Report from the Seminar, International Protection within One Single Asylum Procedure, 23-24 April 2001, in Norrkoping, Sweden, Migrationsverket, 2001-0615.

Professional Journal Articles

“Refugee Adjudication Under the UNHCR’s Mandate and Statute and the Post-Exclusion Dilemma,” Cambridge Law Review, Vol II, 2017, pp. 75-108.

A New Protection Orientation and Framework for Refugees and Other Forced Migrants,” Laws 2017, 6(4), 30; doi:10.3390/laws6040030 (registering DOI).

With Michael J. Molloy, “Introduction: The Indochinese Refugee Movement and the Launch of Canada’s Private Sponsorship Program,” Refuge: Canada’s Periodical on Refugees, Special Issue on the Indochinese Refugee Movement in Canada, Vol. 32
No. 2, (2016), pp. 3-8.

With Tom Clark, “War, Armed Conflict, and Refugees: United Nations Endless Battle for Peace,” Refugee Survey Quarterly, September 2016, 0, 1–36, doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdw010.

“The Application and Interpretation of International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law in the Exclusion of those Refugee Claimants who have Committed War Crimes and/or Crimes Against Humanity in Canada,” International Journal of Refugee Law, (2015) 27 (1): 75-106.

With Idil Atak, “Human Trafficking: Mapping the Scope and Legal Boundaries of International Refugee and Criminal Justice”, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Special Issue on "Refugee Law and International Criminal Justice" (2014), 1019-1038.

With Tom Clark, “UNHCR International Protection Policies 2000-2013: From Cross-road to Gaps and Responses” Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 3, September 2014, pp. 1-33. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdu011. First published online: July 16, 2014.

“Complicity and Culpability and the Exclusion of Terrorists from Convention Refugee Status Post-9/11” Refugee Survey Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, (2010), pp. 104-137.

“A Comparative Analysis of the Response of the UNHCR and Industrialized States to Rapidly Fluctuating Refugee Status and Asylum Applications: Lessons and Best Practices for RSD Systems Design and Administration,” International Journal of Refugee Law, Vol. 22, No. 1, March 2010, pp. 72-103.

“Exclusion Under Article 1F(a) of the 1951 Convention in Canada,” International Journal of Refugee Law. Vol. 21, No. 2 (July 2009): 193-217.

“Research Workshop on Critical Issues in International Refugee Law, May 1-2, 2008, at York University” Refuge: Canada’s Periodical on Refugees, Vol. 25, No. 2, Fall 2008, pp. 202-211.

"Prime Minister's Office and White House Office: Political Administration in Canada and the United States," Presidential Studies Quarterly, Volume XXI, No. 3, Summer, 1991, pp. 559-580.

"The Central Decision-Making Process in the Federal Government: Past, Present and Future," Optimum: A Forum for Management, Volume 21-1, 1990/91, pp. 18-33.

"The Nielsen Task Force on Program Review and the Reorganization of the Federal Government," Optimum: A Forum for Management, Volume 20-1, 1988/89, pp. 7-19.

Book Reviews

"With A Bang Not a Whimper, Pierre Trudeau Speaks Out," by Donald Johnston, (ed.) Canadian Public Policy, XVI: 2, June, 1990, p. 221.

"The Real Worlds of Canadian Politics: Cases in Process and Policy," by Robert M. Campbell and Leslie A. Pal, Canadian Public Administration, Vol. 33, No. 2, Summer, 1990, pp. 248-250.

"Organizing Governance, Governing Organizations," by Colin Campbell, SJ & B. Guy Peters, (eds.) Canadian Journal of Political Science, XXII: 3, September, 1989, pp. 654-656.

"Managing the Presidency: Carter, Reagan and the Search for Executive Harmony," by Colin Campbell, SJ, Canadian Public Administration, Vol. 31, No. 2, Summer, 1988, pp. 317-319.

Research Reports

“Working Paper: Charting the Future Course of International Refugee Protection: A Review of the 8th International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ) World Conference,” Posted as unpublished/”grey literature” on the Refugee Research Network website at http://www.refugeeresearch.net/

Public Lectures

“Charting the Future Course of International Refugee Protection: A Review of the 8th International Association of Refugee Law Judges (IARLJ) World Conference,” Centre for Refugee Studies, Seminar Series and McLaughlin College Luncheon Talks, Co-sponsored Event, Wednesday, February 11, 2009, McLaughlin Senior Common Room, 140 McLaughlin College, York University. . Posted as a video cast presentation at the McLaughlin College website at http://www.yorku.ca/mclaughlin/past_events.html.

Atkinson Faculty of Liberal and Professional Studies, Engaging Research Celebration, Part 8, Assessing International Refugee Law, April 28, 2008,www.yorku.ca/akevents/flash/research/index.html.

“Researching Refugee Law and Policy: A Roundtable Discussion,” “Lines of Flight Seminar Series” Centre for Refugee Studies, with Valerie Preston, Center for Excellence in Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS) and the Department of Geography, York University, Lorne Foster, Dagmar Soennecken and James C. Simeon, School of Public Policy and Administration, Faculty of Liberal and Professional Studies, York University 305 York Lanes, Wednesday, November 21, 2007.

“Asylum and Other Forms of Humanitarian Relief,” Plenary Session, Panellist, at the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), United States Department of Justice, 2003 Conference, George Mason University School of Law, Washington, D.C., USA, October 24, 2003.

Forthcoming

The Evolution and Development of the Refugee Status Determination System in Canada and the Balanced Refugee Reform Act,” in "Migrants and the Courts," Edited by Geoffrey Care, Ashgate Publishing